#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: ISO-8859-15 -*-

# Tea4CUPS : Tee for CUPS
#
# (c) 2005 Jerome Alet <alet@librelogiciel.com>
# (c) 2005 Peter Stuge <stuge-tea4cups@cdy.org>
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
# $Id$
#
#

import sys
import os
import pwd
import popen2
import errno
import md5
import cStringIO
import shlex
import tempfile
import ConfigParser
import select
import signal
import time
from struct import unpack

version = "3.00_unofficial"

class TeeError(Exception):
    """Base exception for Tea4CUPS related stuff."""
    def __init__(self, message = ""):
        self.message = message
        Exception.__init__(self, message)
    def __repr__(self):
        return self.message
    __str__ = __repr__

class ConfigError(TeeError) :
    """Configuration related exceptions."""
    pass

class IPPError(TeeError) :
    """IPP related exceptions."""
    pass

class IPPRequest :
    """A class for IPP requests.
    
       Usage :
       
         fp = open("/var/spool/cups/c00001", "rb")
         message = IPPRequest(fp.read())
         fp.close()
         message.parse()
         # print message.dump() # dumps an equivalent to the original IPP message
         # print str(message)   # returns a string of text with the same content as below
         print "IPP version : %s.%s" % message.version
         print "IPP operation Id : 0x%04x" % message.operation_id
         print "IPP request Id : 0x%08x" % message.request_id
         for attrtype in message.attributes_types :
             attrdict = getattr(message, "%s_attributes" % attrtype)
             if attrdict :
                 print "%s attributes :" % attrtype.title()
                 for key in attrdict.keys() :
                     print "  %s : %s" % (key, attrdict[key])
         if message.data :            
             print "IPP datas : ", repr(message.data)            
    """
    attributes_types = ("operation", "job", "printer", "unsupported", \
                                     "subscription", "event_notification")
    def __init__(self, data="", version=None, operation_id=None, \
                                              request_id=None, debug=0) :
        """Initializes an IPP Message object.
        
           Parameters :
           
             data : the complete IPP Message's content.
             debug : a boolean value to output debug info on stderr.
        """
        self.debug = debug
        self._data = data
        self.parsed = 0
        
        # Initializes message
        if version is not None :
            try :
                self.version = [int(p) for p in version.split(".")]
            except AttributeError :
                if len(version) == 2 : # 2-tuple
                    self.version = version
                else :    
                    try :
                        self.version = [int(p) for p in str(float(version)).split(".")]
                    except :
                        self.version = (1, 1) # default version number
        self.operation_id = operation_id
        self.request_id = request_id
        self.data = ""
        
        # Initialize attributes mappings
        for attrtype in self.attributes_types :
            setattr(self, "%s_attributes" % attrtype, {})
            
        # Initialize tags    
        self.tags = [ None ] * 256 # by default all tags reserved
        
        # Delimiter tags
        self.tags[0x01] = "operation-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x02] = "job-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x03] = "end-of-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x04] = "printer-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x05] = "unsupported-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x06] = "subscription-attributes-tag"
        self.tags[0x07] = "event-notification-attributes-tag"
        
        # out of band values
        self.tags[0x10] = "unsupported"
        self.tags[0x11] = "reserved-for-future-default"
        self.tags[0x12] = "unknown"
        self.tags[0x13] = "no-value"
        self.tags[0x15] = "not-settable"
        self.tags[0x16] = "delete-attribute"
        self.tags[0x17] = "admin-define"
  
        # integer values
        self.tags[0x20] = "generic-integer"
        self.tags[0x21] = "integer"
        self.tags[0x22] = "boolean"
        self.tags[0x23] = "enum"
        
        # octetString
        self.tags[0x30] = "octetString-with-an-unspecified-format"
        self.tags[0x31] = "dateTime"
        self.tags[0x32] = "resolution"
        self.tags[0x33] = "rangeOfInteger"
        self.tags[0x34] = "begCollection" # TODO : find sample files for testing
        self.tags[0x35] = "textWithLanguage"
        self.tags[0x36] = "nameWithLanguage"
        self.tags[0x37] = "endCollection"
        
        # character strings
        self.tags[0x40] = "generic-character-string"
        self.tags[0x41] = "textWithoutLanguage"
        self.tags[0x42] = "nameWithoutLanguage"
        self.tags[0x44] = "keyword"
        self.tags[0x45] = "uri"
        self.tags[0x46] = "uriScheme"
        self.tags[0x47] = "charset"
        self.tags[0x48] = "naturalLanguage"
        self.tags[0x49] = "mimeMediaType"
        self.tags[0x4a] = "memberAttrName"
        
        # Reverse mapping to generate IPP messages
        self.dictags = {}
        for i in range(len(self.tags)) :
            value = self.tags[i]
            if value is not None :
                self.dictags[value] = i
        
    def printInfo(self, msg) :    
        """Prints a debug message."""
        if self.debug :
            sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % msg)
            sys.stderr.flush()
            
    def __str__(self) :        
        """Returns the parsed IPP message in a readable form."""
        if not self.parsed :
            return ""
        else :    
            buffer = []
            buffer.append("IPP version : %s.%s" % self.version)
            buffer.append("IPP operation Id : 0x%04x" % self.operation_id)
            buffer.append("IPP request Id : 0x%08x" % self.request_id)
            for attrtype in self.attributes_types :
                attrdict = getattr(self, "%s_attributes" % attrtype)
                if attrdict :
                    buffer.append("%s attributes :" % attrtype.title())
                    for key in attrdict.keys() :
                        buffer.append("  %s : %s" % (key, attrdict[key]))
            if self.data :            
                buffer.append("IPP datas : %s" % repr(message.data))
            return "\n".join(buffer)
        
    def dump(self) :    
        """Generates an IPP Message.
        
           Returns the message as a string of text.
        """    
        buffer = []
        if None not in (self.version, self.operation_id, self.request_id) :
            buffer.append(chr(self.version[0]) + chr(self.version[1]))
            buffer.append(pack(">H", self.operation_id))
            buffer.append(pack(">I", self.request_id))
            for attrtype in self.attributes_types :
                tagprinted = 0
                for (attrname, value) in getattr(self, "%s_attributes" % attrtype).items() :
                    if not tagprinted :
                        buffer.append(chr(self.dictags["%s-attributes-tag" % attrtype]))
                        tagprinted = 1
                    if type(value) != type([]) :
                        value = [ value ]
                    for (vtype, val) in value :
                        buffer.append(chr(self.dictags[vtype]))
                        buffer.append(pack(">H", len(attrname)))
                        buffer.append(attrname)
                        if vtype in ("integer", "enum") :
                            buffer.append(pack(">H", 4))
                            buffer.append(pack(">I", val))
                        elif vtype == "boolean" :
                            buffer.append(pack(">H", 1))
                            buffer.append(chr(val))
                        else :    
                            buffer.append(pack(">H", len(val)))
                            buffer.append(val)
            buffer.append(chr(self.dictags["end-of-attributes-tag"]))
        buffer.append(self.data)    
        return "".join(buffer)
            
    def parse(self) :
        """Parses an IPP Request.
        
           NB : Only a subset of RFC2910 is implemented.
        """
        self._curname = None
        self._curdict = None
        self.version = (ord(self._data[0]), ord(self._data[1]))
        self.operation_id = unpack(">H", self._data[2:4])[0]
        self.request_id = unpack(">I", self._data[4:8])[0]
        self.position = 8
        endofattributes = self.dictags["end-of-attributes-tag"]
        maxdelimiter = self.dictags["event-notification-attributes-tag"]
        try :
            tag = ord(self._data[self.position])
            while tag != endofattributes :
                self.position += 1
                name = self.tags[tag]
                if name is not None :
                    func = getattr(self, name.replace("-", "_"), None)
                    if func is not None :
                        self.position += func()
                        if ord(self._data[self.position]) > maxdelimiter :
                            self.position -= 1
                            continue
                tag = ord(self._data[self.position])
        except IndexError :
            raise IPPError, "Unexpected end of IPP message."
            
        # Now transform all one-element lists into single values
        for attrtype in self.attributes_types :
            attrdict = getattr(self, "%s_attributes" % attrtype)
            for (key, value) in attrdict.items() :
                if len(value) == 1 :
                    attrdict[key] = value[0]
        self.data = self._data[self.position+1:]            
        self.parsed = 1            
        
    def parseTag(self) :    
        """Extracts information from an IPP tag."""
        pos = self.position
        tagtype = self.tags[ord(self._data[pos])]
        pos += 1
        posend = pos2 = pos + 2
        namelength = unpack(">H", self._data[pos:pos2])[0]
        if not namelength :
            name = self._curname
        else :    
            posend += namelength
            self._curname = name = self._data[pos2:posend]
        pos2 = posend + 2
        valuelength = unpack(">H", self._data[posend:pos2])[0]
        posend = pos2 + valuelength
        value = self._data[pos2:posend]
        if tagtype in ("integer", "enum") :
            value = unpack(">I", value)[0]
        elif tagtype == "boolean" :    
            value = ord(value)
        oldval = self._curdict.setdefault(name, [])
        oldval.append((tagtype, value))
        self.printInfo("%s(%s) : %s" % (name, tagtype, value))
        return posend - self.position
        
    def operation_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into an operation-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of operation_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.operation_attributes
        return self.parseTag()
        
    def job_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into a job-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of job_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.job_attributes
        return self.parseTag()
        
    def printer_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into a printer-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of printer_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.printer_attributes
        return self.parseTag()
        
    def unsupported_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into an unsupported-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of unsupported_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.unsupported_attributes
        return self.parseTag()
        
    def subscription_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into a subscription-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of subscription_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.subscription_attributes
        return self.parseTag()
        
    def event_notification_attributes_tag(self) : 
        """Indicates that the parser enters into an event-notification-attributes-tag group."""
        self.printInfo("Start of event_notification_attributes_tag")
        self._curdict = self.event_notification_attributes
        return self.parseTag()

class FakeConfig :
    """Fakes a configuration file parser."""
    def get(self, section, option, raw=0) :
        """Fakes the retrieval of an option."""
        raise ConfigError, "Invalid configuration file : no option %s in section [%s]" % (option, section)

class CupsBackend :
    """Base class for tools with no database access."""
    def __init__(self) :
        """Initializes the CUPS backend wrapper."""
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIG_IGN)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_IGN)
        self.MyName = "Tea4CUPS"
        self.myname = "tea4cups"
        self.pid = os.getpid()

    def readConfig(self) :
        """Reads the configuration file."""
        confdir = os.environ.get("CUPS_SERVERROOT", ".")
        self.conffile = os.path.join(confdir, "%s.conf" % self.myname)
        if os.path.isfile(self.conffile) :
            self.config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
            self.config.read([self.conffile])
            self.debug = self.isTrue(self.getGlobalOption("debug", ignore=1))
        else :
            self.config = FakeConfig()
            self.debug = 1      # no config, so force debug mode !

    def logInfo(self, message, level="info") :
        """Logs a message to CUPS' error_log file."""
        try :
            sys.stderr.write("%s: %s v%s (PID %i) : %s\n" % (level.upper(), self.MyName, version, os.getpid(), message))
            sys.stderr.flush()
        except IOError :
            pass

    def logDebug(self, message) :
        """Logs something to debug output if debug is enabled."""
        if self.debug :
            self.logInfo(message, level="debug")

    def isTrue(self, option) :
        """Returns 1 if option is set to true, else 0."""
        if (option is not None) and (option.upper().strip() in ['Y', 'YES', '1', 'ON', 'T', 'TRUE']) :
            return 1
        else :
            return 0

    def getGlobalOption(self, option, ignore=0) :
        """Returns an option from the global section, or raises a ConfigError if ignore is not set, else returns None."""
        try :
            return self.config.get("global", option, raw=1)
        except (ConfigParser.NoSectionError, ConfigParser.NoOptionError) :
            if not ignore :
                raise ConfigError, "Option %s not found in section global of %s" % (option, self.conffile)

    def getPrintQueueOption(self, printqueuename, option, ignore=0) :
        """Returns an option from the printer section, or the global section, or raises a ConfigError."""
        globaloption = self.getGlobalOption(option, ignore=1)
        try :
            return self.config.get(printqueuename, option, raw=1)
        except (ConfigParser.NoSectionError, ConfigParser.NoOptionError) :
            if globaloption is not None :
                return globaloption
            elif not ignore :
                raise ConfigError, "Option %s not found in section [%s] of %s" % (option, printqueuename, self.conffile)

    def enumBranches(self, printqueuename, branchtype="tee") :
        """Returns the list of branchtypes branches for a particular section's."""
        branchbasename = "%s_" % branchtype.lower()
        try :
            globalbranches = [ (k, self.config.get("global", k)) for k in self.config.options("global") if k.startswith(branchbasename) ]
        except ConfigParser.NoSectionError, msg :
            raise ConfigError, "Invalid configuration file : %s" % msg
        try :
            sectionbranches = [ (k, self.config.get(printqueuename, k)) for k in self.config.options(printqueuename) if k.startswith(branchbasename) ]
        except ConfigParser.NoSectionError, msg :
            self.logInfo("No section for print queue %s : %s" % (printqueuename, msg))
            sectionbranches = []
        branches = {}
        for (k, v) in globalbranches :
            value = v.strip()
            if value :
                branches[k] = value
        for (k, v) in sectionbranches :
            value = v.strip()
            if value :
                branches[k] = value # overwrite any global option or set a new value
            else :
                del branches[k] # empty value disables a global option
        return branches

    def discoverOtherBackends(self) :
        """Discovers the other CUPS backends.

           Executes each existing backend in turn in device enumeration mode.
           Returns the list of available backends.
        """
        # Unfortunately this method can't output any debug information
        # to stdout or stderr, else CUPS considers that the device is
        # not available.
        available = []
        (directory, myname) = os.path.split(sys.argv[0])
        if not directory :
            directory = "./"
        tmpdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
        lockfilename = os.path.join(tmpdir, "%s..LCK" % myname)
        if os.path.exists(lockfilename) :
            lockfile = open(lockfilename, "r")
            pid = int(lockfile.read())
            lockfile.close()
            try :
                # see if the pid contained in the lock file is still running
                os.kill(pid, 0)
            except OSError, e :
                if e.errno != errno.EPERM :
                    # process doesn't exist anymore
                    os.remove(lockfilename)

        if not os.path.exists(lockfilename) :
            lockfile = open(lockfilename, "w")
            lockfile.write("%i" % self.pid)
            lockfile.close()
            allbackends = [ os.path.join(directory, b) \
                                for b in os.listdir(directory)
                                    if os.access(os.path.join(directory, b), os.X_OK) \
                                        and (b != myname)]
            for backend in allbackends :
                answer = os.popen(backend, "r")
                try :
                    devices = [line.strip() for line in answer.readlines()]
                except :
                    devices = []
                status = answer.close()
                if status is None :
                    for d in devices :
                        # each line is of the form :
                        # 'xxxx xxxx "xxxx xxx" "xxxx xxx"'
                        # so we have to decompose it carefully
                        fdevice = cStringIO.StringIO(d)
                        tokenizer = shlex.shlex(fdevice)
                        tokenizer.wordchars = tokenizer.wordchars + \
                                                        r".:,?!~/\_$*-+={}[]()#"
                        arguments = []
                        while 1 :
                            token = tokenizer.get_token()
                            if token :
                                arguments.append(token)
                            else :
                                break
                        fdevice.close()
                        try :
                            (devicetype, device, name, fullname) = arguments
                        except ValueError :
                            pass    # ignore this 'bizarre' device
                        else :
                            if name.startswith('"') and name.endswith('"') :
                                name = name[1:-1]
                            if fullname.startswith('"') and fullname.endswith('"') :
                                fullname = fullname[1:-1]
                            available.append('%s %s:%s "%s+%s" "%s managed %s"' \
                                                 % (devicetype, self.myname, device, self.MyName, name, self.MyName, fullname))
            os.remove(lockfilename)
        available.append('direct %s:// "%s+Nothing" "%s managed Virtual Printer"' \
                             % (self.myname, self.MyName, self.MyName))
        return available

    def initBackend(self) :
        """Initializes the backend's attributes."""
        # check that the DEVICE_URI environment variable's value is
        # prefixed with self.myname otherwise don't touch it.
        # If this is the case, we have to remove the prefix from
        # the environment before launching the real backend
        muststartwith = "%s:" % self.myname
        device_uri = os.environ.get("DEVICE_URI", "")
        if device_uri.startswith(muststartwith) :
            fulldevice_uri = device_uri[:]
            device_uri = fulldevice_uri[len(muststartwith):]
            for i in range(2) :
                if device_uri.startswith("/") :
                    device_uri = device_uri[1:]
        try :
            (backend, destination) = device_uri.split(":", 1)
        except ValueError :
            if not device_uri :
                self.logDebug("Not attached to an existing print queue.")
                backend = ""
            else :
                raise TeeError, "Invalid DEVICE_URI : %s\n" % device_uri

        self.JobId = sys.argv[1].strip()
        self.UserName = sys.argv[2].strip() or pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid())[0] # use CUPS' user when printing test pages from CUPS' web interface
        self.Title = sys.argv[3].strip()
        self.Copies = int(sys.argv[4].strip())
        self.Options = sys.argv[5].strip()
        if len(sys.argv) == 7 :
            self.InputFile = sys.argv[6] # read job's datas from file
        else :
            self.InputFile = None        # read job's datas from stdin

        self.RealBackend = backend
        self.DeviceURI = device_uri
        self.PrinterName = os.environ.get("PRINTER", "")
        self.Directory = self.getPrintQueueOption(self.PrinterName, "directory")
        self.DataFile = os.path.join(self.Directory, "%s-%s-%s-%s" % (self.myname, self.PrinterName, self.UserName, self.JobId))
        (ippfilename, ippmessage) = self.parseIPPRequestFile()
        self.ControlFile = ippfilename
        (chtype, self.ClientHost) = ippmessage.operation_attributes.get("job-originating-host-name", \
                                          ippmessage.job_attributes.get("job-originating-host-name", (None, None)))
        (jbtype, self.JobBilling) = ippmessage.job_attributes.get("job-billing", (None, None))

    def getCupsConfigDirectives(self, directives=[]) :
        """Retrieves some CUPS directives from its configuration file.

           Returns a mapping with lowercased directives as keys and
           their setting as values.
        """
        dirvalues = {}
        cupsroot = os.environ.get("CUPS_SERVERROOT", "/etc/cups")
        cupsdconf = os.path.join(cupsroot, "cupsd.conf")
        try :
            conffile = open(cupsdconf, "r")
        except IOError :
            raise TeeError, "Unable to open %s" % cupsdconf
        else :
            for line in conffile.readlines() :
                linecopy = line.strip().lower()
                for di in [d.lower() for d in directives] :
                    if linecopy.startswith("%s " % di) :
                        try :
                            val = line.split()[1]
                        except :
                            pass # ignore errors, we take the last value in any case.
                        else :
                            dirvalues[di] = val
            conffile.close()
        return dirvalues

    def parseIPPRequestFile(self) :
        """Parses the IPP message file and returns a tuple (filename, parsedvalue)."""
        cupsdconf = self.getCupsConfigDirectives(["RequestRoot"])
        requestroot = cupsdconf.get("requestroot", "/var/spool/cups")
        if (len(self.JobId) < 5) and self.JobId.isdigit() :
            ippmessagefile = "c%05i" % int(self.JobId)
        else :
            ippmessagefile = "c%s" % self.JobId
        ippmessagefile = os.path.join(requestroot, ippmessagefile)
        ippmessage = {}
        try :
            ippdatafile = open(ippmessagefile)
        except :
            self.logInfo("Unable to open IPP message file %s" % ippmessagefile, "warn")
        else :
            self.logDebug("Parsing of IPP message file %s begins." % ippmessagefile)
            try :
                ippmessage = IPPRequest(ippdatafile.read())
                ippmessage.parse()
            except IPPError, msg :
                self.logInfo("Error while parsing %s : %s" % (ippmessagefile, msg), "warn")
            else :
                self.logDebug("Parsing of IPP message file %s ends." % ippmessagefile)
            ippdatafile.close()
        return (ippmessagefile, ippmessage)

    def exportAttributes(self) :
        """Exports our backend's attributes to the environment."""
        os.environ["DEVICE_URI"] = self.DeviceURI       # WARNING !
        os.environ["TEAPRINTERNAME"] = self.PrinterName
        os.environ["TEADIRECTORY"] = self.Directory
        os.environ["TEADATAFILE"] = self.DataFile
        os.environ["TEAJOBSIZE"] = str(self.JobSize)
        os.environ["TEAMD5SUM"] = self.JobMD5Sum
        os.environ["TEACLIENTHOST"] = self.ClientHost or ""
        os.environ["TEAJOBID"] = self.JobId
        os.environ["TEAUSERNAME"] = self.UserName
        os.environ["TEATITLE"] = self.Title
        os.environ["TEACOPIES"] = str(self.Copies)
        os.environ["TEAOPTIONS"] = self.Options
        os.environ["TEAINPUTFILE"] = self.InputFile or ""
        os.environ["TEABILLING"] = self.JobBilling or ""
        os.environ["TEACONTROLFILE"] = self.ControlFile

    def saveDatasAndCheckSum(self) :
        """Saves the input datas into a static file."""
        self.logDebug("Duplicating data stream into %s" % self.DataFile)
        mustclose = 0
        if self.InputFile is not None :
            infile = open(self.InputFile, "rb")
            mustclose = 1
        else :
            infile = sys.stdin
        CHUNK = 64*1024         # read 64 Kb at a time
        dummy = 0
        sizeread = 0
        checksum = md5.new()
        outfile = open(self.DataFile, "wb")
        while 1 :
            data = infile.read(CHUNK)
            if not data :
                break
            sizeread += len(data)
            outfile.write(data)
            checksum.update(data)
            if not (dummy % 32) : # Only display every 2 Mb
                self.logDebug("%s bytes saved..." % sizeread)
            dummy += 1
        outfile.close()
        if mustclose :
            infile.close()
        self.JobSize = sizeread
        self.JobMD5Sum = checksum.hexdigest()
        self.logDebug("Job %s is %s bytes long." % (self.JobId, self.JobSize))
        self.logDebug("Job %s MD5 sum is %s" % (self.JobId, self.JobMD5Sum))

    def cleanUp(self) :
        """Cleans up the place."""
        if not self.isTrue(self.getPrintQueueOption(self.PrinterName, "keepfiles", ignore=1)) :
            os.remove(self.DataFile)

    def sigtermHandler(self, signum, frame) :
        """Sets an attribute whenever SIGTERM is received."""
        self.gotSigTerm = 1
        self.logInfo("SIGTERM received for Job %s." % self.JobId)

    def runBranches(self) :
        """Launches each hook defined for the current print queue."""
        self.isCancelled = 0    # did a prehook cancel the print job ?
        self.gotSigTerm = 0
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self.sigtermHandler)
        serialize = self.isTrue(self.getPrintQueueOption(self.PrinterName, "serialize", ignore=1))
        self.pipes = { 0: (0, 1) }
        branches = self.enumBranches(self.PrinterName, "prehook")
        for b in branches :
            self.pipes[b.split("_", 1)[1]] = os.pipe()
        retcode = self.runCommands("prehook", branches, serialize)
        for p in [ (k, v) for (k, v) in self.pipes.items() if k != 0 ] :
            os.close(p[1][1])
        if not self.isCancelled and not self.gotSigTerm :
            if self.RealBackend :
                retcode = self.runOriginalBackend()
            if not self.gotSigTerm :
                os.environ["TEASTATUS"] = str(retcode)
                branches = self.enumBranches(self.PrinterName, "posthook")
                if self.runCommands("posthook", branches, serialize) :
                    self.logInfo("An error occured during the execution of posthooks.", "warn")
        for p in [ (k, v) for (k, v) in self.pipes.items() if k != 0 ] :
            os.close(p[1][0])
        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIG_IGN)
        if not retcode :
            self.logInfo("OK")
        else :
            self.logInfo("An error occured, please check CUPS' error_log file.")
        return retcode

    def stdioRedirSystem(self, cmd, stdin=0, stdout=1) :
        """Launches a command with stdio redirected."""
        # Code contributed by Peter Stuge on May 23rd and June 7th 2005
        pid = os.fork()
        if pid == 0 :
            if stdin != 0 :
                os.dup2(stdin, 0)
                os.close(stdin)
            if stdout != 1 :
                os.dup2(stdout, 1)
                os.close(stdout)
            try :
                os.execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", cmd)
            except OSError, msg :
                self.logDebug("execl() failed: %s" % msg)
            os._exit(-1)
        status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)[1]
        if os.WIFEXITED(status) :
            return os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
        return -1

    def runCommand(self, branch, command) :
        """Runs a particular branch command."""
        # Code contributed by Peter Stuge on June 7th 2005
        self.logDebug("Launching %s : %s" % (branch, command))
        btype, bname = branch.split("_", 1)
        if bname not in self.pipes.keys() :
            bname = 0
        if btype == "prehook" :
            return self.stdioRedirSystem(command, 0, self.pipes[bname][1])
        else :
            return self.stdioRedirSystem(command, self.pipes[bname][0])

    def runCommands(self, btype, branches, serialize) :
        """Runs the commands for a particular branch type."""
        exitcode = 0
        btype = btype.lower()
        btypetitle = btype.title()
        branchlist = branches.keys()
        branchlist.sort()
        if serialize :
            self.logDebug("Begin serialized %ss" % btypetitle)
            for branch in branchlist :
                if self.gotSigTerm :
                    break
                retcode = self.runCommand(branch, branches[branch])
                self.logDebug("Exit code for %s %s on printer %s is %s" % (btype, branch, self.PrinterName, retcode))
                if retcode :
                    if (btype == "prehook") and (retcode == 255) : # -1
                        self.logInfo("Job %s cancelled by prehook %s" % (self.JobId, branch))
                        self.isCancelled = 1
                    else :
                        self.logInfo("%s %s on printer %s didn't exit successfully." % (btypetitle, branch, self.PrinterName), "error")
                        exitcode = 1
            self.logDebug("End serialized %ss" % btypetitle)
        else :
            self.logDebug("Begin forked %ss" % btypetitle)
            pids = {}
            for branch in branchlist :
                if self.gotSigTerm :
                    break
                pid = os.fork()
                if pid :
                    pids[branch] = pid
                else :
                    os._exit(self.runCommand(branch, branches[branch]))
            for (branch, pid) in pids.items() :
                retcode = os.waitpid(pid, 0)[1]
                if os.WIFEXITED(retcode) :
                    retcode = os.WEXITSTATUS(retcode)
                else :
                    retcode = -1
                self.logDebug("Exit code for %s %s (PID %s) on printer %s is %s" % (btype, branch, pid, self.PrinterName, retcode))
                if retcode :
                    if (btype == "prehook") and (retcode == 255) : # -1
                        self.logInfo("Job %s cancelled by prehook %s" % (self.JobId, branch))
                        self.isCancelled = 1
                    else :
                        self.logInfo("%s %s (PID %s) on printer %s didn't exit successfully." % (btypetitle, branch, pid, self.PrinterName), "error")
                        exitcode = 1
            self.logDebug("End forked %ss" % btypetitle)
        return exitcode

    def runOriginalBackend(self) :
        """Launches the original backend."""
        originalbackend = os.path.join(os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0], self.RealBackend)
        arguments = [os.environ["DEVICE_URI"]] + sys.argv[1:]
        self.logDebug("Starting original backend %s with args %s" % (originalbackend, " ".join(['"%s"' % a for a in arguments])))

        pid = os.fork()
        if pid == 0 :
            if self.InputFile is None :
                f = open(self.dataFile, "rb")
                os.dup2(f.fileno(), 0)
                f.close()
            try :
                os.execve(originalbackend, arguments, os.environ)
            except OSError, msg :
                self.logDebug("execve() failed: %s" % msg)
            os._exit(-1)
        killed = 0
        status = -1
        while status == -1 :
            try :
                status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)[1]
            except OSError, (err, msg) :
                if (err == 4) and self.gotSigTerm :
                    os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
                    killed = 1
        if os.WIFEXITED(status) :
            status = os.WEXITSTATUS(status)
            if status :
              self.logInfo("CUPS backend %s returned %d." % (originalbackend,\
                                                             status), "error")
            return status
        elif not killed :
            self.logInfo("CUPS backend %s died abnormally." % originalbackend,\
                                                              "error")
            return -1
        else :
            return 1

if __name__ == "__main__" :
    # This is a CUPS backend, we should act and die like a CUPS backend
    wrapper = CupsBackend()
    if len(sys.argv) == 1 :
        print "\n".join(wrapper.discoverOtherBackends())
        sys.exit(0)
    elif len(sys.argv) not in (6, 7) :
        sys.stderr.write("ERROR: %s job-id user title copies options [file]\n"\
                              % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(1)
    else :
        try :
            wrapper.readConfig()
            wrapper.initBackend()
            wrapper.saveDatasAndCheckSum()
            wrapper.exportAttributes()
            retcode = wrapper.runBranches()
            wrapper.cleanUp()
        except SystemExit, e :
            retcode = e.code
        except :
            import traceback
            lines = []
            for line in traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()) :
                lines.extend([l for l in line.split("\n") if l])
            msg = "ERROR: ".join(["%s (PID %s) : %s\n" % (wrapper.MyName, \
                                                          wrapper.pid, l) \
                        for l in (["ERROR: Tea4CUPS v%s" % version] + lines)])
            sys.stderr.write(msg)
            sys.stderr.flush()
            retcode = 1
        sys.exit(retcode)